a review study: effect of growth factors on human mesenchymal stem cells differentiation into cartilage tissue

hyaline cartilage is a vascular and neural tissue with scanty chondrocytes and limited regenerative ability. after some serious injuries of the cartilage, healing process will take place through the formation of fibrocartilage structures. currently, tissue engineering and cell therapy are 2 interesting therapeutic fields dealing with regenerative medicine. in this regard, tissue regeneration has found mesenchymal stem cells (mscs) with self-renewal and multipotential abilities as the best candidates for this process. growth and differentiation of mscs are induced by growth factors. the purpose of this review article is to evaluate the effect of growth factors and their signaling pathways involved in differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into chondrocytes in vitro conditions.